Louis Marx & Co. • Founded 1919 • New York / USA Marx toys is by far one of the most recognized, respected and popular names among today's antique toy collectors. The founder of the company, Louis Marx, was born in Brooklyn, NY, in 1896. At the age of sixteen, Marx began working for F. J. Strauss Company, a toy manufacturer that produced items for Abraham & Strauss Department Stores. His energy and enthusiasm helped him to become a manager by the time he was twenty. In 1919, Marx had a falling out with Strauss. Deciding that it was time to venture out on his own, he established Louis Marx & Co., and set up office at 200 Fifth Avenue, in New York City. Marx started his company with virtually nothing. He had no money, machinery, products, patents, or customers, but what he lacked in resources, he more than made up for in seemingly endless energy and determination. He wasted no time and started contracting with manufacturers to produce toys that he designed. His brother David decided to join him a couple of years later. Louis had the business, designing, and marketing skills, and David was the man behind the operations. The two of them together would grow to be the world's largest toy manufacturer. A significant factor, which contributed to this success came from two policies set in place from the beginning; "Give the customer more toy for less money" and "Quality is not negotiable". By 1921, they were able to start independently producing toys from their own designs. Louis Marx was not only a genius at designing toys, but also at marketing them. By offering quality at the lowest price possible, Marx became very popular with toy buyers, and he had virtually no need for salesman or advertising. This popularity caused rapid growth, and by the 1930's, despite the Great Depression, he built three new plants. The first and largest was in Erie, Pennsylvania, the second, which produced toy trains, was in Girard, Pennsylvania, and the third, which produced toy cars, was in Glendale, West Virginia. Marx also produced and distributed toys in England from 1937 to 1967. Marx continued to enjoy steady growth until the start of World War II, when the factories converted for the war effort. After the war, Marx came back as the world's largest manufacturer of toys, producing mechanical toys, model trains, toy guns, cars, ride-ons, play sets, and doll houses. The company grew even stronger into the "Golden Era" of the 1950's. By 1955, Marx produced over 20% of all the toys sold in the U.S., and had factories in ten different countries, including Japan, with divisions such as Linemar. Marx also distributed toys produced by manufacturers in Germany, including those from Distler. This may have been pushed upon by toy makers of war damaged countries needing a strong re-start and presence in the US. With sales totaling more than $30 million, and over 5000 different products they were easily the largest toy manufacturer in the world. Marx's success story even made the cover of the December 12, 1955 issue of Time Magazine, where Louis Marx was named "The Toy King". It was there he boasted about his annual advertising budget of $312.00, something he took pride in, and rightfully so. Marx's marketing strategies included mass production and mass marketing through chain stores, reproducing new toys from basic components and repackaging existing products using television or movie tie-ins. Up until 1959, Marx had resisted the use of a newfangled invention called television to promote his products. After reconsidering, he decided to go after the TV market in a big way. His plan was to reach 27 million kids with a massive television ad campaign of toy commercials over a three-month period, strategically placed during the summer holidays. Exposure to this blitz was estimated to exceed one billion. This exposure prompted Marx to create a company mascot, known to many as Magic Marxie. This campaign helped to make Marx even more of a household name. Marx continued bringing joy to many children (and some adults too!) right up until the 1970's when he decided that, at age 76, it was time to retire. In 1979, after careful negotiation, Louis Marx sold his massive empire to Quaker Oats for $52 million. Just three years later, Quaker turned around and sold the company to England's Dunbee-Combex, who managed to keep the business afloat until they filed for bankruptcy in 1980. American Plastic Equipment of Florida resurrected the Marx name by acquiring the company's assets in 1982, and intellectual rights in 1988. By that time, the value of Marx toys and play sets had skyrocketed in the collector markets, which in turn triggered a demand for the toys to be reissued. In 1995, a new entity, Marx Toy Corporation*, was formed in Sebring, Ohio. The legacy continues as the new company has begun manufacturing from molds built by Marx as well as other prominent toy companies of the past, hoping to revive some of the earlier magic of Marx. Louis Marx died in 1982 at the age of 85, however his memory long remains in what he has left us.